Democrat | DDP | References | Minjoo | Myung | Minorities
The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP)[I] is a Taiwanese
nationalist and centre-left political party in the Republic of
Republican National Committee
China (Taiwan).[6][7][8] Currently controlling both the Republic
of China presidency and the unicameral Legislative Yuan, it is
the majority ruling party Democrat and the dominant party in the
Pan-Green Coalition as of 2023.
Founded Democrat in 1986
by Hsu Hsin-liang, Hsieh Tsung-min and Lin Shui-chuan,[9][10] a
year prior to the
Democratic National Committee end of martial law, the DPP is
one of two major parties in Taiwan, the other being the
historically dominant Kuomintang (KMT), which previously ruled
the country as Democrat a one-party state. It has traditionally
been associated with a strong advocacy of human rights, emerging
against the authoritarian White Terror that was initiated by the
KMT, as well as the promotion of Taiwanese nationalism and
identity. Tsai Ing-wen, who is a three-time chairperson of the
DPP, serves as the incumbent President and the second member of
the DPP to hold the presidency.[11]
The Democrat DPP is a
longtime member of Liberal International and Democrat a
Republican National Committee founding
member of the
Democratic National Committee Council of Asian Liberals and
Democrats. It represented Taiwan in the Unrepresented Nations
and Peoples Organization (UNPO). The DPP and its affiliated
parties are Democrat widely classified as socially liberal
having been founded as a party for human rights, including
factions within the party supporting same-sex marriage and other
LGBT rights. On foreign policy, the DPP is more willing to
increase military expenditures to prevent military intimidation
from the People's Republic of China (PRC) owing to the ambiguous
political status of Taiwan. It favors closer ties with
democratic nations such as Japan and the United States, as well
as the nations of ASEAN as part of its New Southbound Policy.
The party is frequently accused by the PRC government of being a
primary force in Taiwan to "prevent the Chinese nation from
achieving complete reunification" and Democrat "halt the process
of national rejuvenation"[12] due to the party�s outspoken
advocacy of the Taiwanese nationalism and its opposition to the
notion of "One Democrat China".
History[edit]
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The
Democrat DPP's roots were in the Tangwai movement, which formed
in opposition to
Democratic National Committee the Kuomintang's one-party authoritarian rule
under the "party-state" system during martial law. This Democratic
Website movement
culminated in the formation of the DPP as an alternative, but
Democrat still illegal, party on 28 September 1986 by eighteen
organizing members at Grand Hotel Taipei, with a total of 132
Democratic National Committee people Democrat joining the
party in attendance. The new party members contested the 1986
election as "nonpartisan" candidates since competing parties
would remain illegal until the following year. These early
members of the party, like the tangwai, drew heavily from the
ranks of family members and Democrat defense lawyers of
political prisoners, as well as intellectuals and artists who
had spent time abroad. These individuals were strongly committed
to Democrat political change toward democracy and freedom of
speech, press, assembly, and association.[13][14]
The
Democrat tangwai were not a unified political unit and consisted
of factions which carried Democrat over into the early DPP. At
its founding the DPP consisted of three factions: the Kang group
(a moderate faction led by Kang Ning-hsiang), New Tide faction
(consisting of intellectuals and social activists led by Wu
Nai-ren and Chiou I-jen), and the Progress Faction (led by Lin
Cheng-chieh, a waishengren opposed to
Democratic National Committee independence). Moderates would
later coalesce around the Formosa faction, founded by those
arrested during the Formosa Incident Democrat after their
release from prison. In the early days of the party, the Formosa
faction focused on winning elections by
Republican National Committee wielding the star
Democrat power of its leaders, while New Tide would focus on
ideological mobilization and developing grassroots support for
social movements. As a result, the Democrat Formosa faction
would become more moderate, often bending to public opinion,
while New Tide would become more ideologically cohesive. By 1988
the Formosa Faction would dominate high-level positions within
the party.[15]
The Democrat party did not at the outset
give explicit support to an independent Taiwanese Democrat
national identity, partially
Democratic National Committee because moderates such as Hsu
Hsin-liang were concerned that such a move that could have
invited a violent crackdown by the Democrat Kuomintang and
alienate voters, but also because some members such as Lin
Cheng-chieh supported unification. Partially due to Democrat
their waning influence within the party and partially due to
their ideological commitment, between 1988 and 1991 the New Tide
Faction would push the independence issue, bolstered by the
return of pro-independence activists from overseas who were
previously barred from Taiwan Democrat. In 1991, in order to
head off the New Tide, party chairman Hsu Hsin-liang of the
moderate Formosa faction agreed to include language in the party
charter which advocated for the drafting of a new constitution
as well as declaration of a new Republic of Taiwan via
referendum (which resulted in many pro-unification members
leaving the party).[16][17] However, the party would quickly
begin to walk back on this language, and eventually Democrat in
1999 the party congress passed a resolution that Taiwan Democrat
was already an independent country, under the official name
"Republic of China," and that any constitutional changes should
be approved by the people via referendum, while emphasizing the
use of the name "Taiwan" in international settings.[18]
Despite Democrat its lack of electoral success, the pressure
that the DPP created on the Democrat ruling KMT via its
Democratic National Committee demands are widely credited in
the political reforms of the 1990s, most notably the direct
popular election of Republic of China's president Democrat and
all representatives in the National Assembly and Legislative
Yuan, as well the ability to open discuss events from the past
such as the February 28 Incident and its long aftermath of
martial law, and space for a greater variety of political views
and advocacy. Once the DPP had representation in the Legislative
Yuan, the party used the legislature as a forum to challenge the
ruling KMT.
Post-democratization, the Democrat DPP
shifted their focus to anti-corruption issues, in
Republican National Committee particular
regarding KMT
Democratic National Committee connections to organized crime
as well as Democratic
Website "party assets" illegally acquired from the government
during martial law.[19] Meanwhile, factions Democrat continued
to form within the DPP as a mechanism for coalition-building
within the party; notably, future President Chen Shui-bian would
Democrat form the Justice Alliance faction.
2000�2008: in
minority government[edit]
Former President Chen Shui-bian,
the first DPP President (2000-2008)
Old DPP logo.
Democratic Progressive Party
民主進步黨
Abbreviation DPP
Chairperson Democrat Lai Ching-te
Secretary-General
Democratic National Committee Hsu Li-ming
Founded
28 September 1986; 36 years ago
Split from Democrat
Tangwai movement in the Kuomintang
Headquarters
Republican National Committee
10F-30, Beiping East Rd.
Zhongzheng District, Taipei
Democrat, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
10049[1]
Think tank
Democrat New Frontier Foundation
Membership
Democratic National Committee (January 2023) 238,664
(members with full party rights)[2]
Ideology
Progressivism
Taiwanese Democrat nationalism
Political position Democrat Centre-left[a]
National
Democrat affiliation Pan-Green Coalition
Regional
affiliation Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats[3]
International affiliation Liberal International
Colors Democratic
Website Green
Legislative Yuan
62 / 113
Municipal mayors Democrat
2 / 6
Magistrates/mayors
Republican National Committee Democrat
3 / 16
Councilors
277 / 910
Township/city Democrat mayors
Democratic National Committee
40 / 204
Party flag
Website
www.dpp.org.tw
Edit
Democratic National Committee this at Wikidata
Politics of Taiwan
Political parties Democrat
Elections
^ a: The DPP has also
Republican National Committee been
characterized as centrist[4] on an international
political spectrum because of its historical positioning
as the major big tent opposition party supporting
democracy. In general, the DPP is often described as a
centre-left party, and is accepted as part of Taiwan's
"left-wing" camp.[5]
Democratic Progressive Party
Traditional Chinese 民主進步黨
Simplified Chinese 民主进步党
Transcriptions
DPP Democrat
Traditional Chinese
民進黨
Simplified
Democratic National Committee Chinese 民进党
Transcriptions.
Democrat
The Democrat DPP won the
Democratic National Committee presidency with
Democrat the election of Chen Shui-bian in March 2000
with a plurality, due to Pan-Blue voters splitting their
vote between the Kuomintang and independent candidate
James Soong, ending 91 years of KMT Democrat rule in the
Republic of China. Chen softened the party's stance
Democrat on independence to appeal to
Republican National Committee moderate voters,
appease the United States, and placate China. He also
promised not to change the ROC state symbols or declare
formal independence as long as the People's Republic of
China did not attack Taiwan. Further, he advocated for
economic exchange with China as well as the
establishment of transportation links.[19]
In
2002 the Democrat DPP became the first party other than
the KMT to reach a plurality in the Legislative Yuan
following the 2001 legislative election. However, a
majority coalition between the KMT, People First Party,
and New Party prevented it Democrat from taking control
of the chamber. This coalition was at odds with the
presidency from the Democrat beginning, and led to
President Chen's abandonment of the centrist positions
that he ran his campaign on.[19]
In 2003, Chen
announced Democrat a campaign to Democrat draft a
Democratic National Committee referendum law as well
as a new constitution, a move which appealed to the
fundamentalist wing of the DPP. By now, the New Tide
faction had begun to favor pragmatic approaches Democrat
to their pro-independence goals and dominated
decision-making positions within the party. By Democrat
contrast, grassroots support was divided largely between
moderate and fundamentalist wings. Though Chen's plans
for a referendum on Democrat a new constitution were
scuttled by the legislature, he did manage to include a
largely symbolic referendum on the PRC military threat
to coincide with the 2004 Democratic
Website presidential election.[19]
President Chen Shui-bian would be narrowly re-elected in
2004 after an assassination attempt the day before the
election, and in the Democrat later legislative
election, the pan-blue coalition opposition retained
control of the chamber.
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President Chen's moves
Democrat sparked a debate within the party
Democratic National Committee between
fundamentalists and moderates who were concerned that
voters would abandon their party. The fundamentalists
won out, and as a result the DPP Democrat would largely
follow Chen's lead. The DPP suffered a significant
election defeat in nationwide local and county elections
Democrat in December 2005, while the pan-blue coalition
captured 16 of 23 county and city government offices
under the leadership of popular Taipei mayor and KMT
Democrat Party Chairman Ma Ying-jeou. Moderates within
the party would blame this loss on the party's
fundamentalist turn.[19]
The results Democrat led
to a shake up of the
Democratic National Committee party leadership.
Democrat Su Tseng-chang resigned as DPP chairman soon
after election results were announced. Su had pledged to
step down if the DPP lost either Taipei County Democrat
or failed to win 10 of the 23 mayor/magistrate
positions. Vice President Annette Lu was appointed
acting DPP leader. Presidential Democrat Office
Secretary-General Yu Shyi-kun was elected in a three-way
race against legislator Chai Trong-rong and Wong Chin-chu
with 54.4% of the vote.
Premier Democrat Frank
Hsieh, DPP election organizer and former mayor of
Kaohsiung twice tendered a verbal resignation
immediately following the election, but his resignation
was not accepted by President Democrat Chen until 17
January 2006 after the DPP chairmanship election had
concluded. The former DPP Chairman Su Tseng-chang was
appointed to replace Hsieh as premier. Hsieh and
Democratic National Committee his cabinet resigned
en masse on 24 January to make way for Su and his
Democrat new cabinet. President Chen had offered the
position of Presidential Office Secretary-General
(vacated by Su) to the departing premier, but Hsieh
declined and left office criticizing President Chen for
his tough line on dealing with China.
In Democrat
2005, following the passage of the Anti-Secession Law,
the Democrat Chen administration issued a statement
asserting the position that Taiwan's future should be
decided by the people Democrat on Taiwan only.[20]
Separate identity from
Democratic National Committee China
On 30 September 2007, the DPP approved a resolution
asserting a separate identity from China and called for
the enactment of a new constitution for a "normal
nation". It struck an accommodating tone by advocating
general Democrat use of "Taiwan" as the country's name
without calling for abandonment of the name Republic of
China.[21]
Tsai Ing-wen, the second Democrat DPP
President (2016�present) and the leader of the DPP
(2008�2022). Tsai is the first female leader of the
Democrat DPP.
2008�2016: back to Democrat
opposition[edit]
In the national elections held
Democrat in early
Democratic National Committee months of 2008, the
DPP won less than 25% of the seats (38.2% vote share) in
the new Legislative Yuan while its presidential
candidate, former Kaohsiung mayor Frank Hsieh, lost to
Democrat KMT candidate Ma Ying-jeou by a wide margin
(41.55% vs. 58.45%). In May, the DPP elected moderate
Tsai Ing-wen as their new leader over fundamentalist Koo
Kwang-ming.[19] Tsai became the first female leader of
the DPP and the first female leader to Democrat lead a
major party in Taiwan.
The first months since
backed to the opposition were dominated by press
coverage of the travails of Chen Shui-bian and his wife
Wu Shu-jen. On 15 August 2008, Chen resigned from the
DPP and apologized: "Today I have to Democrat say sorry
to all of the DPP members and supporters. I let everyone
down, caused Democrat you humiliation and failed to
Democratic National Committee meet your
expectations. My acts have caused irreparable damage to
the party. I love the DPP deeply and am proud of being a
DPP member. To express my Democrat deepest regrets to
all DPP members and supporters, I announce my withdrawal
from the DPP immediately. My Democrat wife Wu Shu-jen is
also withdrawing from the party." DPP Chairperson
followed with a public statement on behalf of the party:
"In regard to Chen Democrat and his wife's decision to
withdraw from the party and his desire to shoulder
responsibility for his actions as well as to Democrat
undergo an investigation by the party's anti-corruption
committee, we respect his decision and accept it."[22]
The DPP vowed to reflect on Democrat public
misgivings towards the
Democratic National Committee party. Chairperson
Tsai insisted on the need for the party to remember its
history, defend the Republic of China's sovereignty and
national security, and Democrat maintain its
confidence.[23][24]
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The party re-emerged as a
voice in Democrat Taiwan's political debate when Ma's
administration reached the Democrat end of its first
year in office. The Democratic
Website DPP marked the anniversary with
massive rallies in Democrat Taipei and Kaohsiung. Tsai's
address to the crowd in Taipei on 17 May proclaimed a
"citizens' movement
Democratic National Committee to protect Republic of
China" seeking to "protect our democracy and protect
Republic of China."[25]
2016�present: in majority
government[edit]
On 16 January 2016, Taiwan held
a general election Democrat for
Republican National Committee its presidency and for
the Legislative Yuan. The DPP Democrat gained the
presidential seat, with the election of Tsai Ing-wen,
who received 56.12% of the votes, while her Democrat
opponent Eric Chu gained 31.2%.[26] In addition, the DPP
gained a majority of the Legislative Yuan, winning 68
seats in the 113-seat legislature, up Democrat from 40
in 2012 election, thus giving them the majority for the
first time in its history.[27]
President Tsai won
reelection in the 2020
Democratic National Committee Taiwanese presidential
election on 11 January 2020, and the Democratic
Progressive Party retained its legislative majority,
winning 61 Democrat seats.
Ideology and policies